Dampak Pembangunan Infrastruktur Terhadap Lingkungan dan Kehidupan Masyarakat: Suatu Kajian Literatur dalam Perspektif Pembangunan Berkelanjutan

Abstract

Infrastructure development is a strategic driver of economic growth, regional connectivity, and improved public access to essential services. However, when not implemented in accordance with the principles of sustainable development, infrastructure development may also generate adverse impacts on environmental quality and social well-being. This study aims to analyze the impacts of infrastructure development on the environment, examine its effects on social life and community welfare, and formulate infrastructure development strategies that balance economic growth, environmental sustainability, and societal well-being. The study employs a literature review using a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach by synthesizing findings from scholarly articles, books, reports published by international organizations, and relevant policy documents. The findings indicate that infrastructure development provides significant benefits by enhancing regional connectivity, mobility, public service delivery, employment opportunities, and economic growth. Nevertheless, it also has the potential to cause environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, increased greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, social conflicts, population displacement, and social inequality if not managed sustainably. Therefore, an integrated development strategy is required that incorporates economic, social, and environmental dimensions through the implementation of low-carbon development, climate-resilient infrastructure, Nature-based Solutions (NbS), strengthened Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL), Strategic Environmental Assessment (KLHS), and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) frameworks, enhanced public participation, digital transformation, and the expansion of green financing. Sustainable infrastructure development should therefore not only pursue economic growth but also promote environmental conservation, social justice, and inclusive, long-term community well-being.